laravel/framework

`laravel/framework` is the core Composer package that encapsulates the entire Laravel PHP framework. It provides the foundational components and architectural structure upon which all Laravel applications are built. Developed by Taylor Otwell, Laravel is renowned for its elegant syntax, developer-friendly features, and comprehensive toolset for building robust web applications and APIs. It is not just a collection of utilities; it is a full-stack framework designed to handle everything from routing and database interaction to authentication and queue management.

Key aspects and features provided by `laravel/framework` include:

* Model-View-Controller (MVC) Architecture: A clear separation of concerns, making applications scalable and maintainable by structuring code into Models (data), Views (presentation), and Controllers (request handling).
* Eloquent ORM: A powerful and expressive Object-Relational Mapper that makes interacting with databases intuitive and enjoyable. It simplifies database operations by allowing developers to work with database tables as PHP objects.
* Routing: A flexible and powerful routing engine for defining application endpoints and handling HTTP requests, supporting various HTTP verbs and route parameters.
* Middleware: A mechanism for filtering HTTP requests entering your application, allowing for tasks like authentication, CSRF protection, logging, and CORS handling before the request reaches the controller.
* Blade Templating Engine: A lightweight yet powerful templating engine that provides a clean way to write views with features like inheritance, data display, and control structures, all compiled into plain PHP code.
* Authentication & Authorization: Built-in support for secure user authentication, registration, password reset, and permission management (authorization policies).
* Artisan Console: A powerful command-line interface (CLI) that provides numerous helpful commands for application development, maintenance, and task automation (e.g., migrations, seeding, cache clearing, generating boilerplate code).
* Dependency Injection & Service Container: Facilitates managing class dependencies and performing dependency injection, promoting testable and maintainable code through inversion of control.
* Queues: Unified API across various queue backends (Redis, Beanstalkd, SQS) for deferring time-consuming tasks, improving application response times.
* Events & Listeners: A simple observer implementation, allowing you to subscribe and listen for various events that occur in your application, promoting loose coupling between components.
* Caching: Provides an expressive, unified API for various cache backends (Redis, Memcached, file, database), improving application performance.
* Session Management: Tools for handling user sessions, making it easy to store and retrieve session data securely.

`laravel/framework` is typically installed as a dependency when a new Laravel project is created via Composer (e.g., `composer create-project laravel/laravel my-app`). It constantly evolves with regular updates and a vibrant community, making it one of the most popular PHP frameworks today.

Example Code

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

/
 * An Eloquent Model representing a User in the database.
 * This class interacts with the 'users' table by default.
 */
class User extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    /
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
    ];

    /
     * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];

    /
     * The attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @var array<string, string>
     */
    protected $casts = [
        'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
    ];

    /
     * Define a one-to-many relationship: a User can have many Posts.
     */
    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }
}


// --- Example: routes/web.php (Route Definition) ---
// This file typically defines web routes for your application.
// Laravel's routing component directs incoming HTTP requests to the appropriate controller actions or closures.

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome'); // Renders the 'welcome.blade.php' view
});

// Define resource routes for users, mapping HTTP verbs to controller methods
Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index'])->name('users.index');
Route::get('/users/{user}', [UserController::class, 'show'])->name('users.show');
Route::post('/users', [UserController::class, 'store'])->name('users.store');


// --- Example: app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php (Controller) ---
// A controller handles incoming HTTP requests, interacts with models, and returns a response.
// This demonstrates Eloquent ORM usage and view rendering.

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\Response;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /
     * Display a listing of the users.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\View\View
     */
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::all(); // Eloquent ORM: Fetches all users from the database
        return view('users.index', compact('users')); // Passes the $users collection to the 'users.index' Blade view
    }

    /
     * Display the specified user.
     *
     * @param  \App\Models\User  $user  (Route model binding automatically resolves the User instance)
     * @return \Illuminate\View\View
     */
    public function show(User $user)
    {
        // $user is automatically resolved by Laravel based on the route parameter '{user}'
        return view('users.show', compact('user'));
    }

    /
     * Store a newly created user in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        // Validate the incoming request data using Laravel's validation features
        $validatedData = $request->validate([
            'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'email' => 'required|string|email|max:255|unique:users',
            'password' => 'required|string|min:8',
        ]);

        // Create a new user using the Eloquent ORM's `create` method
        $user = User::create($validatedData);

        // Redirect to the newly created user's show page with a success message
        return redirect()->route('users.show', ['user' => $user->id])
                         ->with('success', 'User created successfully!');
    }
}


// --- Example: resources/views/users/index.blade.php (Blade View Snippet) ---
{{-- A simple Blade template to display users --}}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Users</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>All Users</h1>
    @if (session('success'))
        <div style="color: green;">{{ session('success') }}</div>
    @endif
    <ul>
        @foreach ($users as $user)
            <li>
                <a href="{{ route('users.show', $user->id) }}">
                    {{ $user->name }} ({{ $user->email }})
                </a>
            </li>
        @endforeach
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

Example Code

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