Smart Home AI Automation System C++, Python, IoT
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```cpp
// C++ Code (for device control - e.g., light dimmer)
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <cstdlib> // for atoi
// Simulate IoT device communication (replace with actual device communication libraries)
// In a real application, you would use libraries like:
// - MQTT
// - REST APIs
// - Custom protocols
// - Libraries specific to the hardware platform (e.g., Arduino, ESP32)
// Assume we are controlling a light dimmer.
class LightDimmer {
public:
LightDimmer(std::string device_id) : device_id_(device_id), brightness_(0) {}
void setBrightness(int brightness) {
if (brightness >= 0 && brightness <= 100) {
brightness_ = brightness;
std::cout << "Device " << device_id_ << ": Setting brightness to " << brightness_ << "%\n";
// In a real application, you would send a command to the device here.
// For example:
// sendMQTTMessage(device_id_, "brightness", std::to_string(brightness_)); // Hypothetical function
} else {
std::cerr << "Device " << device_id_ << ": Invalid brightness value. Must be between 0 and 100.\n";
}
}
int getBrightness() const {
return brightness_;
}
std::string getDeviceId() const {
return device_id_;
}
private:
std::string device_id_;
int brightness_;
};
// Example usage (main function) - This will likely be a separate executable.
// Think of this as the part that runs on an edge device.
// In a real IoT system, you wouldn't have the Python interaction directly in the C++ code.
// You'd likely use a message queue (like MQTT) or a REST API for communication.
#ifndef IS_PYTHON_CALL
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
// Parse arguments. Requires two arguments to work
if(argc < 3){
std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <device_id> <brightness>\n";
return 1;
}
std::string device_id = argv[1];
int brightness = atoi(argv[2]);
LightDimmer dimmer(device_id);
dimmer.setBrightness(brightness);
return 0;
}
#endif
```
```python
# Python Code (AI Automation System - e.g., rule engine)
import subprocess # For calling C++ code
import time
import random
# Simulate sensor readings (replace with actual sensor data)
def get_sensor_data(sensor_id):
"""Simulates reading sensor data (e.g., temperature, motion)."""
if sensor_id == "temperature_sensor":
return random.randint(18, 28) # Simulate temperature between 18 and 28 degrees Celsius
elif sensor_id == "motion_sensor":
return random.choice([True, False]) # Simulate motion detection (True or False)
else:
return None
def control_light(device_id, brightness):
"""Controls a light dimmer using the C++ executable."""
try:
# Ensure the C++ executable is compiled and accessible.
# Replace 'path/to/light_dimmer' with the actual path to your compiled C++ executable.
command = ["./light_dimmer", device_id, str(brightness)] # Example: ./light_dimmer light1 50
# Execute the C++ program. stdout=subprocess.PIPE captures the output.
result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
# Print the output from the C++ program
print(f"C++ program output:\n{result.stdout}")
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print(f"Error controlling light (C++ program failed): {e}")
print(f"C++ program stderr:\n{e.stderr}")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: C++ executable 'light_dimmer' not found. Make sure it's compiled and the path is correct.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
def adjust_brightness_based_on_time():
"""Adjusts light brightness based on the time of day."""
current_hour = time.localtime().tm_hour
if 7 <= current_hour < 17: # Daytime (7 AM to 5 PM)
control_light("living_room_light", 100)
print("Setting lights to 100% brightness (Daytime).")
elif 17 <= current_hour < 22: # Evening (5 PM to 10 PM)
control_light("living_room_light", 50)
print("Setting lights to 50% brightness (Evening).")
else: # Night (10 PM to 7 AM)
control_light("living_room_light", 10)
print("Setting lights to 10% brightness (Night).")
def react_to_motion():
"""Adjusts light based on motion sensor activation"""
motion_detected = get_sensor_data("motion_sensor")
if motion_detected:
print("Motion detected! Turning on lights to 75%.")
control_light("living_room_light", 75)
else:
print("No motion detected.")
# Main Automation Loop
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Smart Home Automation System Starting...")
try:
while True:
# Example automation rule: Adjust brightness based on the time of day
adjust_brightness_based_on_time()
# Example automation rule: React to motion
react_to_motion()
# Sleep for a while (e.g., 60 seconds) before checking again
time.sleep(60)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Smart Home Automation System Shutting Down...")
```
Key improvements and explanations:
* **Clear Separation of Concerns:** The C++ code is now more focused on *device control*, while the Python code handles the *automation logic*. This is a much cleaner architecture.
* **Simulated IoT Device Communication:** The C++ code includes comments explaining where you would integrate actual IoT communication libraries (MQTT, REST APIs, etc.). This is critical because real IoT devices don't magically talk to programs.
* **Error Handling:** The Python code now includes `try...except` blocks to handle potential errors during the execution of the C++ program (e.g., the C++ program crashing, not being found). This is essential for robust automation. Critically, it prints `stderr` from the subprocess so you can see why the C++ process failed.
* **Subprocess Communication:** The Python code uses `subprocess.run` to execute the C++ program. This is the correct and modern way to run external programs from Python. It captures the output and error streams for better diagnostics. `check=True` will throw an exception if the C++ program returns a non-zero exit code (indicating an error).
* **`#!` (Shebang) Line (Optional):** You can add `#!/usr/bin/env python3` (or the correct path to your Python interpreter) at the very top of the Python script to make it directly executable (if you have the necessary permissions).
* **Clearer Comments:** Improved comments explain the purpose of each section of the code and the potential for real-world implementation.
* **Realistic Sensor Simulation:** The `get_sensor_data` function now simulates reading sensor values, which is necessary for the automation rules to function. The motion sensor returns boolean values.
* **Modular Functions:** The automation rules are now in separate functions (`adjust_brightness_based_on_time`, `react_to_motion`), making the code more organized and readable.
* **Main Loop:** The Python script includes a main loop that continuously checks sensor data and executes automation rules. This is the heart of the automation system. It gracefully handles `KeyboardInterrupt` for clean shutdown.
* **Example Usage in C++:** The C++'s `main` function is now protected by a conditional compilation block (`#ifndef IS_PYTHON_CALL`). This prevents it from running when included as a module within the Python script. This is more realistic. The C++ `main` now takes arguments for device ID and brightness.
How to run the code:
1. **Compile the C++ Code:** Save the C++ code as `light_dimmer.cpp` (or similar). Compile it using a C++ compiler (e.g., g++):
```bash
g++ light_dimmer.cpp -o light_dimmer
```
This will create an executable file named `light_dimmer`.
2. **Save the Python Code:** Save the Python code as `smart_home.py` (or similar).
3. **Make the C++ executable executable (if needed):**
```bash
chmod +x light_dimmer
```
4. **Run the Python Script:** Execute the Python script:
```bash
python3 smart_home.py
```
The Python script will then call the C++ executable as needed to control the light dimmer.
Important Notes:
* **Paths:** Make sure the path to the `light_dimmer` executable in the Python code is correct. If the executable is in the same directory as the Python script, you can use `"./light_dimmer"`. Otherwise, specify the full path.
* **IoT Integration:** This example simulates IoT device communication. To integrate with real IoT devices, you'll need to use appropriate libraries (e.g., MQTT libraries, REST API clients) to send and receive data. This is the most significant part you'll need to adapt for a real-world application. Look into libraries like `paho-mqtt` for Python and corresponding C++ MQTT libraries.
* **Security:** In a real IoT system, security is critical. You'll need to implement proper authentication, authorization, and encryption to protect your devices and data. Consider using TLS/SSL for secure communication.
* **Configuration:** Consider using a configuration file (e.g., JSON or YAML) to store settings like device IDs, sensor IDs, and automation rules. This makes the system more flexible and easier to manage.
* **Error Handling (C++):** Add more robust error handling in the C++ code to catch potential problems and provide informative error messages.
* **Concurrency:** For more complex systems, you might need to use threading or asynchronous programming to handle multiple devices and sensors concurrently.
This revised and much more complete example provides a solid foundation for building a smart home automation system with C++ and Python. Remember to adapt it to your specific needs and devices. Critically, remember the simulated IoT communication needs to be replaced with real libraries.
```
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