Rewrites text in varied styles while preserving original meaning PHP

Okay, here's a PHP program example demonstrating the rewriting of text in varied styles while preserving the original meaning.  I'll include explanations within the code as comments.  This example focuses on **simplifying and expanding** the input text.  You can extend it with more complex stylistic transformations as needed.

```php
<?php

/**
 * Function to rewrite text in varied styles (simplified and expanded).
 *
 * @param string $inputText The original text to rewrite.
 * @param string $style The desired style ('simplified' or 'expanded').
 *
 * @return string The rewritten text.
 */
function rewriteText(string $inputText, string $style = 'simplified'): string
{
    // Normalize the input text by removing extra spaces and converting to lowercase.
    $normalizedText = trim(strtolower(preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $inputText)));

    switch ($style) {
        case 'simplified':
            // Simplified style:  Uses only basic vocabulary and shorter sentences.

            $simplifiedText = str_replace(
                ['rewriting', 'varied', 'preserving', 'original meaning', 'demonstrating', 'topic', 'programming languages'],
                ['changing', 'different', 'keeping', 'same idea', 'showing', 'subject', 'code'],
                $normalizedText
            );

            //Break long sentences into smaller ones
            $simplifiedText = str_replace(".",".\n", $simplifiedText);
            return $simplifiedText;


        case 'expanded':
            // Expanded style: Uses more descriptive language and complex sentence structures.

            $expandedText = str_replace(
                ['rewriting', 'varied', 'preserving', 'original meaning', 'demonstrating', 'topic', 'programming languages'],
                ['paraphrasing', 'diverse', 'maintaining', 'essential semantic content', 'illustrating', 'subject matter', 'coding languages'],
                $normalizedText
            );

            //Add adverbs to describe actions
            $expandedText = str_replace("i want to write","i earnestly want to write", $expandedText);
            $expandedText = str_replace("just write", "simply write", $expandedText);
            $expandedText = str_replace("add explanations", "add thorough explanations", $expandedText);

            //Add extra details to the text
            $expandedText = "In this script, we will be ".$expandedText;

            return $expandedText;

        default:
            return "Invalid style specified. Please use 'simplified' or 'expanded'.";
    }
}

// Example usage:
$originalText = "I want to write a program example using this topic and these programming languages. English. Just write the program and add explanations.";

// Rewriting to simplified style:
$simplifiedText = rewriteText($originalText, 'simplified');
echo "Original Text: " . $originalText . "\n\n";
echo "Simplified Text: " . $simplifiedText . "\n\n";

// Rewriting to expanded style:
$expandedText = rewriteText($originalText, 'expanded');
echo "Expanded Text: " . $expandedText . "\n\n";

?>
```

Key improvements and explanations:

* **Clear Function Definition:**  The code is encapsulated within a `rewriteText` function, making it reusable and organized.  Type hinting (`string` and `: string`) is used for clarity and to help prevent errors.  Docblocks provide useful function documentation.
* **Input Validation:**  The function now has a `default` case in the `switch` statement to handle invalid style requests. This prevents unexpected behavior.
* **Normalization:** The input text is normalized using `trim()`, `strtolower()`, and `preg_replace()` to ensure consistency in the rewriting process.  This helps avoid issues caused by case sensitivity or extra whitespace.  Using regular expressions for space removal is more robust than simple `str_replace`.
* **Style Switching:** The `switch` statement cleanly handles the different rewriting styles.
* **`str_replace` for Rewriting:**  Uses `str_replace` to replace specific words or phrases. This is a straightforward approach for this particular task, and easily extensible.  It could also use regular expressions for more advanced pattern matching.
* **Conciseness:** Keeps the code concise and easy to understand.
* **Comments:**  Includes detailed comments to explain the purpose of each code section.
* **Example Usage:** Shows how to call the `rewriteText` function and display the results.
* **Return Type:**  Explicitly specifies the return type of the function using `: string`.
* **Sentence Breaking (Simplified):** The simplified text splits sentences up at full stops to ensure brevity, increasing readability.
* **Adverb Addition (Expanded):** The expanded text adds adverbs to emphasise the actions and increase complexity.
* **Detail Addition (Expanded):** The expanded text adds further detail and context to the original sentence.
* **Error Handling:** The default case of the switch statement handles invalid style requests gracefully.

**How to Run the Code:**

1.  **Save:** Save the code as a `.php` file (e.g., `rewrite.php`).
2.  **PHP Interpreter:** Make sure you have PHP installed and configured on your system.
3.  **Command Line:** Open a terminal or command prompt, navigate to the directory where you saved the file, and run the command `php rewrite.php`.
4.  **Web Server:** Alternatively, you can place the file in your web server's document root and access it through a web browser (e.g., `http://localhost/rewrite.php`).  You'll need a web server like Apache or Nginx with PHP enabled.

**Extending the Example:**

* **More Styles:**  Add more cases to the `switch` statement to implement other styles, such as formal, informal, poetic, technical, etc.
* **Regular Expressions:** Use regular expressions in `str_replace` to handle more complex patterns. For example, you could use regex to replace adjectives with synonyms based on context.
* **Synonym Dictionaries:** Integrate with a synonym dictionary (or API) to automatically find appropriate replacements for words.  Consider using an external library for this.
* **Sentiment Analysis:** Use sentiment analysis to rewrite text while maintaining or changing the overall sentiment (positive, negative, neutral).
* **Grammar Correction:** Incorporate a grammar correction library to fix grammatical errors in the rewritten text.
* **Machine Learning:**  For more advanced text rewriting, you could train a machine learning model to perform paraphrasing. This would require a large dataset of text and its paraphrases.
* **Configuration:**  Move the word replacements into a configuration file (e.g., JSON) to make it easier to modify the rewriting rules without changing the code.
* **Word Frequency Analysis:** Perform word frequency analysis on the input text and replace the most common words with synonyms to increase readability.

This comprehensive example provides a solid foundation for building a more sophisticated text rewriting program in PHP. Remember to adjust the code to fit your specific needs and requirements.